Realidade curricular caboverdiana e a crioulidade: o caso da educação linguística no contexto da iniciação escolar

Este trabalho discute a crioulística em Cabo Verde, na iniciação escolar, focando-a transversal a várias áreas de estudo. A crioulidade é uma realidade sociocultural para além do campo linguístico, assume abrangência conceptual de cariz civilizacional que se opõe e interage com conceitos como a ocidentalidade, caboverdianidade, africanidade, lusitanidade ou mundialização. É uma investigação com interesse em clarificar o modo como o sistema educativo tem lidado com a crioulidade linguística nos manuais de educação e analisar a coerência entre os valores curriculares e a construção dos materiais de referência para a educação linguística e cultural, considerando a crioulidade. Os resultados preliminares permitem discutir a crioulidade como realidade internacional alternativa às demais correntes de mundialização a ser exploradas e desenvolvidas através do currículo caboverdiano.This work, discusses créolité in Cape Verde, at school initiation, focusing on cross-sectional areas of study. créolité is a sociocultural reality beyond the linguistic field, it assumes conceptual comprehension of a civilizational character that opposes and interacts with concepts such as Westernity, Capeverdeanity, Africanity, lusitanity or globalization. It is a case study research with interest in clarifying how the educational system has dealt with “créolité” linguistic in the education manuals and to analyze the coherence between curricular values and the construction of reference materials for linguistic and cultural education, Considering the créolité. The preliminary results allow us to discuss criollo as an international reality alternative to the other currents of globalization to be explored and developed through the Cape Verdean curriculum.CIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT), PortugalEste trabalho foi financiado por Fundos Nacionais através da FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) e cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) no ámbito do CIEC (Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança da Universidade do Minho) com a referência POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Inhibition et biais attentionnels dans la dépression : caractérisation des mouvements oculaires la dépression de la personne âgée

The specificities of dépression in thé elderly, on both thé cognition and emotional level, may render its diagnosis difficult. Dépression in young patients is characterized by thé présence of bias directed toward négative information. No study has assessed thé attentional bias in thé elderly depressed although aging changes thé emotional information processing. The aûn of this thesis was to identify thé characteristics of thé emotional information processing in depressed elderly subjects by studying thé performance of saccadic Systems and visual explorations stratégies through thé use of eye-tracking techniques. Our results showed that depressed patients had a higher reaction time in prosaccade and antisaccade tasks as well as higher error rates than controls. Moreover, thé higher time cost of inhibition (i.e. antisaccade reaction time minus prosaccade reaction time) suggests that thèse processes may imply a spécifie impairment of inhibition processes. This altération was found to be linked to dépression severity. The analysis of oculomotor performance on thé présentation of emotional picture pairs has highlighted a positivity bias in elderly depressed patients compared to healthy controls. The use of eye-tracking technologies has been found to be useful to specify thé link between ageing and dépression on neurophysiological and emotional levels. In this thesis, we also discuss thé methodological limits related to thé use of thèse techniques as well as thé potential clinical applications in thé differential diagnosis between dépression and Alzheimer's disease, or between unipolar and bipolar dépression, as well as in thé prédiction of treatment response.Les spécificités de la dépression chez la personne âgée, tant sur le plan cognitif qu'émotionnel, peuvent rendre difficile son diagnostic. La dépression du sujet jeune se caractérise notamment par la présence d'un biais dirigé vers les informations négatives. Aucune étude n'a encore évalué les biais attentionnels chez le sujet âgé déprimé bien que le vieillissement modifie le traitement de l'information à valence émotionnelle. L'objectif de cette thèse était d'identifier le caractéristiques du traitement de l'information émotionnelle chez les sujets dépressifs âgés par l'étude des performances des systèmes saccadiques et des stratégies d'explorations visuelles en ayant recours aux techniques d'eye-tracking. Les résultats montrent chez ces patients une augmentation du temps de réaction aux tâches de prosaccades et d'antisaccades ainsi que du taux d'erreur comparativement aux sujets contrôles. Par ailleurs, l'augmentation du taux d'erreur et du coût temporel (différence entre le temps de réaction d'antisaccades et le temps de réaction des prosaccades) suggère que ces processus ne sont pas uniquement liés à un ralentissement global, mais qu'ils pourraient être aussi expliqués par une altération spécifique des mécanismes d'inhibition. Cette altération est corrélée à la sévérité de l'épisode dépressif. L'analyse des performances oculomotrices lors de la présentation de paires d'images à connotation émotionnelle a mis ei évidence un biais de positivité chez les sujets dépressifs âgés en comparaison à un groupe contrôle. L'utilisation des techniques d'eye-tracking a donc permis de préciser la nature des interactions entre le vieillissement et la dépression au niveau neurophysiologique et émotionnel. Les anomalies oculomotrices objectivées par ces tâches pourraient constituer des marqueurs de la dépression du sujet âgé. Les limites méthodologiques liées à l'utilisation de ces techniques ainsi que les applications cliniques potentielles comme par exemple l'aide au diagnostic différentiel entre la dépression et la maladie d'Alzheimer, entre le trouble unipolaire et bipolaire et comme facteur d'évaluation de la réponse aux traitements sont discutées

Potentials for offset approaches in selected sectors post 2020

This report develops an evaluation framework that policymakers can use to identify whether offsets can add value and uphold environmental integrity of a compliance scheme. It uses a scoring framework on factors to: (1) identify which sectors have hard-to-abate emissions that can justify demanding offsets as cost-containment measures for ambitious climate policies; and (2) identify mitigation activities that are otherwise inaccessible, fosters sustainable development, and the extent to which it enables transformative sectoral action to be eligible to supply offsets. This evaluation framework identifies the optimal conditions that make factors successful in either having sectors demand offsets, or specific mitigation activities supply offsets. Sectoral emissions that are hard-to-abate are those that are technically unavoidable due to a lack and maturity of technologies, and therefore should be allowed to have cost-containment measures - such as offsets - to avoid adverse economic ramifications such as carbon leakage. Mitigation activities that can supply offsets are those that are currently inaccessible to local actor’s due to lack of access to technology, finance or capabilities. Allowing these mitigation activities to be eligible to supply offsets allows to pilot such activities and realize mitigation outcomes outside the original scope of the compliance scheme. This report has chosen selected sectors and mitigation activities to illustrate how this framework can be applied at the global level. It recognizes that country-specific factors can change the assessment of whether the offset approach will add value and uphold environmental integrity to proposed compliance schemes of a country. The report further proposes practical steps policymakers can do to undertake an evaluation at the national level

Eficácia dos exercícios isométricos no tratamento da dor em pacientes com tendinopatia patelar: revisão bibliográfica

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em FisioterapiaIntrodução: A tendinopatia patelar ou joelho do saltador é um estado de dor e de disfunção do tendão patelar ou rotuliano, caracterizada geralmente por uma dor localizada na inserção da patela e é maioritariamente encontrada em desportos de saltos. Objetivo: Com o presente estudo pretende-se analisar a eficácia dos exercícios isométricos na dor em pacientes com tendinopatia patelar. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi feita através das bases de dados Pubmed, Web of Science e Google scholar. Os estudos randomizados controlados selecionados foram avaliados segundo a escala Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Resultados: Integraram os 4 estudos selecionados 76 participantes, com idades compreendidas entre 16 e 40 anos com uma media de 24.72 ± 5,3. Os participantes eram divididos em dois grupos, o grupo experimental, que realizava exercícios isométricos e o grupo controlo, que realizava exercícios dinâmicos. A realização de exercícios isométricos parecem ser um método efetivo para o tratamento da dor na tendinopatia patelar. Conclusão: Os exercícios isométricos reduzem a dor e podem ser implementados no treino de atletas.Introduction: “Jumper's knee” or patellar tendinopathy is a state of pain and dysfunction of the patellar tendon, is usually characterized by pain localized to the insertion of the patella and is mostly found in jumping sports. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of isometric exercises in pain for patients with patellar tendinopathy Methodology: The research was carried out using Pubmed, Web of Science and Google scholar databases. The selected studies were evaluated according to the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) scale. Results: In the 4 selected studies, 76 participants with an average age between 16 and 40 years, with an average age of 24.72 ± 5.3, 72. The participants were divided in two group, experimental group, which performed isometric exercises and the control group, which performed dynamic exercises. Isometric exercises remain an effective method for treating pain in patellar tendinopathy. Conclusion: Isometric exercises result in effective pain reduction and can be implemented in the training of athletes.N/

Mixed-initiative mission planning considering human operator state estimation based on physiological sensors

Missions involving humans with automated systems become increasingly common and are subject to risk of failing due to human factors. In fact, missions workload may generate stress or mental fatigue increasing the accident risk. The idea of our project is to refine human-robot supervision by using data from physiological sensors(eye tracking and heart rate monitoring devices) giving information about the operator's state. The proof of concept mission consists of a ground robot, autonomous or controlled by a human operator, which has to fight fires that catch randomly. We proposed to use the planning framework called Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) along with machine learning techniques to improve human-machine interactions by optimizing the decision of the mode (autonomous or controlled robot) and of the display of alarms in the form of visual stimuli.A dataset of demonstrations produced by remote volunteers through an online video game simulating the mission allows to learn a POMDP that infers human state and to optimize the associated strategy. Cognitive availability, current task, type of behavior, situation awareness or involvement in the mission are examples of studied human operator states. Finally, scores of the missions, consisting in the number of extinguished fires, will quantify the improvement made by using physiological data

Suitability and success factors of offsets post-2020

Offsetting enables countries and companies to meet part of their climate change mitigation obligations by using mitigation outcomes generated elsewhere - in lieu of own emission reductions. This report explores the future role of offset approaches and how they could be successfully integrated into a post-2020 climate regime by focusing both the supply and demand side. For this purpose, the report develops a conceptual approach that derives a normative vision of what should be considered a successful offset use in a top-down manner to then link this vision to specific factors on the ground in sectors and jurisdictions where offsets will be generated and used. It explores how these factors influence the successful operationalisation of the offset approach and how they can inform its design. In addition, the report also explores six conceptual design aspects to providing recommendations on how to take these factors into account during the design of the offset approach. Based on these findings, the authors derive overarching policy recommendations on the integration of offsets into carbon pricing schemes

Offset approaches in existing compliance mechanisms : adding value and upholding environmental integrity?

The objective of this report is to use historical analysis to identify conditions that determine when offsets add value to compliance schemes while upholding environmental integrity. The indicators of success include: increased acceptance of introducing compliance schemes; raising ambition in subsequent compliance periods; the possibility to drive emission reductions outside the compliance sectors; promoting investments in sustainable development; and avoiding perverse incentives that undermine the stringency of the compliance scheme or compliance actors’ efforts in reducing their own emissions. Through undertaking in-depth case study analyzes on the effects of offsets in the European Union, Alberta, Australia, Colombia and Japan, the report identifies common conditions that explain why offsets were successful (or not) in achieving individual indicators. The report further identifies two common conditions that can help explain when offsets achieve all five indicators of success. The first is that policymakers need to be willing to design the compliance scheme to set and maintain a strong compliance price signal that justifies the need for incorporating cost containment measures, such as offsets, to avert negative political and economic ramifications. Relatedly, the second condition requires institutions, processes and infrastructure that govern both the compliance scheme and offsets to be well developed so that they can ensure offsets uphold the principles of environmental integrity, achieve sustainable development benefits, and act as a reliable cost containment measure to high compliance prices. The findings also highlight how difficult it is to achieve both conditions, as both domestic and international political economy factors determine whether policymakers and voters are willing to introduce and maintain compliance schemes that deliver effective action on climate

Towards Mixed-Initiative Human–Robot Interaction: Assessment of Discriminative Physiological and Behavioral Features for Performance Prediction

The design of human–robot interactions is a key challenge to optimize operational performance. A promising approach is to consider mixed-initiative interactions in which the tasks and authority of each human and artificial agents are dynamically defined according to their current abilities. An important issue for the implementation of mixed-initiative systems is to monitor human performance to dynamically drive task allocation between human and artificial agents (i.e., robots). We, therefore, designed an experimental scenario involving missions whereby participants had to cooperate with a robot to fight fires while facing hazards. Two levels of robot automation (manual vs. autonomous) were randomly manipulated to assess their impact on the participants’ performance across missions. Cardiac activity, eye-tracking, and participants’ actions on the user interface were collected. The participants performed differently to an extent that we could identify high and low score mission groups that also exhibited different behavioral, cardiac and ocular patterns. More specifically, our findings indicated that the higher level of automation could be beneficial to low-scoring participants but detrimental to high-scoring ones, and vice versa. In addition, inter-subject single-trial classification results showed that the studied behavioral and physiological features were relevant to predict mission performance. The highest average balanced accuracy (74%) was reached using the features extracted from all input devices. These results suggest that an adaptive HRI driving system, that would aim at maximizing performance, would be capable of analyzing such physiological and behavior markers online to further change the level of automation when it is relevant for the mission purpose

Handwriting in Children and Adults With Down Syndrome: Developmental Delay or Specific Features?

International audienceWhile there is a long history and tradition of behavioral research on basic motor skills in Down syndrome (DS), there has been only limited research on handwriting ability. We analyzed the spatiotemporal features of handwriting produced by children and adults with DS (n = 24), and compared their productions with those of comparison groups matched for developmental (n = 24) or chronological (n = 24) age. Results indicated that the participants with DS performed an alphabet letter-writing task just as efficiently as the children of the same developmental age, in terms of the length, duration and speed of their handwriting, and the number and duration of their pauses. Our study highlights a substantial delay in the stages of writing acquisition